23 simple brain break ideas for middle school

23 simple brain break ideas for middle school

23 simple brain break ideas for middle school

Need some easy brain break ideas for middle school and high school that don’t require extra prep from you? Look no further! This list of 23 brain break ideas for middle school are easy to implement and low prep. 

So, grab a coffee and sit back and relax while I help make your job a little easier.

brain break ideas for middle school

Disclaimer: This blog post ’23 simple brain break ideas for middle school’ may contain affiliate links. This means I may receive a small commission on qualifying purchases. This is of no extra cost to you and it helps me to continue writing awesome content for you! Read full disclaimer here

What are brain breaks?

Brain breaks are short activities built into a lesson plan in order to allow students’ brains to have a short break from intense concentration so that their brain can continue to concentrate at a high level afterwards. Brain breaks lead to higher engagement and deeper learning in the classroom. 

What activities make the best brain break ideas for middle school?

In order for the brain to ‘have a break’ it needs either movement or peer-to-peer discussion. 

Movement is important as it allows for increased oxygen flow to the brain which is what will allow for students to focus. 

Peer-to-peer discussion is important as it allows for students to hear their learning in their own voice and that of their peers. This is far more valuable than hearing it in their teacher’s voice.

Easy brain break ideas for middle school and high school classrooms.

Brain break ideas for middle school don’t have to be onerous. They can be simple and effective!

10 movement brain break ideas for middle school

1. Throw a ball 

Have students throw a ball to each other to answer questions. Once answered they choose who in the class they want to answer the next one by throwing the ball to them.

2. Collect materials from stations around the room 

Rather than you handing out materials to students, have them collect from stations around the room. If my lesson involves worksheets, glue and scissors, then I have these in three different locations in the room to allow for extra movement during the lesson. 

3. Rearrangement of collaborative groups 

Having multiple grouping options means you can start the lesson with students in one group and then change groups which allows for them to move around and change seats.

4. Change locations 

If you have the opportunity, consider taking your students outside for a portion of the lesson, or to another area of the school. 

5. Convert a worksheet into a movement activity

Take an existing resource and change the way you use it. These are some of my favourite brain break ideas for middle school because they require minimal prep and obtain high engagement from students. Here are some ideas:

        • True or False: Have students answer by moving to one side of the room for True and the other for False. If you’re tight for space, this can also be done with hands on heads for True and hands on hips for False.
        • Multiple choice ABCD: students move to one of the four corners in the room for each option.
        • Agree / Disagree: students line up in strength of their agreement / disagreement to a statement

6. Post-it notes

I love using post-it notes in my lessons. Have students write their question / answer / drawing on it and then ask them to post it on the board or another area in the classroom they have to walk to. 

7. Gallery walk

Gallery walks are an opportunity for students to walk around and view each other’s work. Whether it is their individual work or an activity you have just completed in groups, this activity is no prep for you and allows for students to move around the classroom with purpose. 

8. Seat swap

Mid lesson you could ask students to do a seat swap with someone. It may be that they swap with another student or that they move from sitting on chairs to the floor or to standing at lab benches. 

9. Learning station brain breaks

Learning stations or activity stations are my favourite way to set up a lesson. These organically allow for movement around the classroom as students move from one station to another. As I am a science teacher and work in a lab, these stations are also usually standing stations. This also allows for more movement than just sitting in seats. 

10. Invite students to come and write up on the board

Students at all ages love to write on the board! Invite them to contribute to a class mind map, add their vote to a tally or write any questions they still have. 

brain break ideas for middle school

8 discussion brain break ideas for middle school

Why is discussion important for brain breaks and learning? Because students learn best when they hear their learning in their own voice

Here are some ideas and prompts you can use to promote peer to peer discussion in your classroom that require no prep from you! At any point in the lesson when you think your students need a brain break you can use any of these!

In partners or small groups, share:

  1. One thing you learnt, one thing you un-learnt and one thing you re-learnt
  2. One question you still have and one question this lesson answered for you
  3. How you think this lesson relates to the previous lesson
  4. Predict what you think the next learning activity may be focussed on
  5. Something you saw, thought and wondered during the last activity
  6. Personification of the content. This is a higher order thinking skill that allows immediate differentiation. Some examples would be: 
      • What would a pentagon say to a triangle? 
      • What would an adjective say to a verb? 
      • What would a plant cell say to an animal cell? 
      • How is a plant cell like a factory? 
      • What would an ionic bond say to a covalent bond

7. Similar to the above brain break idea, ‘would you rather’:

      • Would you rather be a pentagon or triangle? Why?
      • Would you rather be a plant cell or animal cell?
      • Would you rather be an ionic bond or a dispersion force? (This one was great with my Chemistry class of year 12 boys who definitely didn’t want to be considered ‘weak’)

8. Peer teaching: take a small group of students and teach them new content then have them go back and teach their group.

    5 brain break ideas for middle school that combine movement & discussion

    Want some brain break ideas for middle school that combine both movement and discussion? I have you covered. 

    1. Take 15 steps and find someone to tell 2 things you learnt

    I use this one so often because it is easy, requires no prep, and is relevant no matter the content you are teaching. 

    2. Play scissors, paper, rock 

    Great simple game for revision of content. Whoever wins gets to ask the other a question related to the content. Students don’t even have to stay in the same pair. This could involve one round then find a new person to play.

    3. Jigsaw model 

    This model requires students to change groups and peer teach.

    4. Quizlet Live

    Quizlet Live automatically assigns groups to revise content in a collaborative way. Each round changes the groups so students have to move to sit with their new group.

    5. Inner & outer circle discussion 

    Students organise themselves into two circles and pair up with someone in the other circle. Ask a question or provide a discussion statement for students to discuss in their pair. After the allocated time, the outside circle moves to the right 1 position and so is paired  with a new partner for the next question.

    Conclusion

    Planning brain breaks in your lessons does not have to be onerous. This list includes brain break ideas for middle school that are low-prep, easy to implement, and incorporate movement and discussion to assist students in their learning.

     

    Have any of your own examples of break break ideas for middle school?

    Let us know in the comments below!

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    Written by Katrina

    Katrina Harte is a multi-award winning educator from Sydney, Australia who specialises in creating resources that support teachers and engage students.

    Comments

    33 Top Tips for Beginning Teachers

    33 Top Tips for Beginning Teachers

    33 Top Tips for Beginning Teachers

    You’ve just landed your first teaching job. Congratulations! But now what? Where do you start? You start here! You have come to the right place! As a teacher with over 10 years experience, I am going to give you 33 top tips for beginning teachers to ensure you survive and thrive in your first years as a teacher.

    These tips cover lesson planning, time saving hacks, classroom and behaviour management, building relationships and mental health.

    So grab a coffee, sit back and relax while I help make your job easier with these top tips for beginning teachers!

    top tips for beginning teachers

    Disclaimer: This blog post may contain affiliate links. If you purchase something from these links I may get a small commission to help support this blog (with no extra cost to you). Read the full disclaimer here. 

    • top tips for beginning teachers
    • top tips for beginning teachers: lesson planning
    • top tips for beginning teachers: building relationships
    • top tips for beginning teachers: classroom management
    • top tips for beginning teachers: mental health
    • top tips for beginning teachers: conclusion

    My top tips for beginning teachers

    1. Say No! Say no to anything and everything extra.

    My number 1 tip for first-year teachers is to say NO! Say no to anything and everything extra.

    Other teachers and leaders will see your youth and excitement and think ‘Great! You would be great at…’ Whether it be the debating team, organising the sports carnival, running a STEM club or taking an extracurricular dance class, you can and must say no! 

    While I am sure you would be AMAZING at doing any number of those things, in your first years of teaching your priority is to spend your time learning your content, getting your resources together and providing for the various needs of students in your own classroom. In your first years of teaching, these are going to take up ALL your time and you won’t have time for anything additional. 

    This is probably a really hard thing for you to hear as I am sure you also want to make a good first impression. But, if you were to say yes to any of these additional things then it is very likely that you will burn out quickly and your classroom students will suffer. 

    So then how do you say no? How do you do it graciously?

    Say: “Thank you so much for thinking of me for that opportunity! I would definitely be interested in the future however this year I really need to focus all my energy on building my teaching skills and ensuring the needs of my class are met”.

    Boom.

    I am not sure how any administrator or executive could argue against that! That is exactly what you are employed to do!

    Watch my 5 top tips for beginning teachers video below.

    2. Take your sick days when you need them

    You will get sick. Your body needs time to build your immune system to take on all the nasties that students bring through the door. 

    Take. Your. Sick. Days! 

    Kids are not the best at personal hygiene and can be beacons of sickness.

    Therefore, it is important to take your sick days when you feel yourself getting run down. If you wait and try and push through then it is likely you will need to take more days off. 

    I get it. Unfortunately, teaching is one profession where taking a day off is actually harder than just being at work.  

    This leads to my next tip…

     

    Top tips for beginning teachers:

    lesson planning

    3. Sometimes an old fashioned textbook lesson is ok.

    Yes, it has been documented that textbook-based lessons are not the most effective way for students to learn. However, they can have their place in the classroom. 

    Textbook based lessons are easy to plan. This makes them perfect for when you need to have a sick day. There is no point wasting your time creating an amazing lesson you don’t even get to be there to implement. Your students will survive on a textbook-based lesson while you are recovering. 

    Sometimes it isn’t even that you need a sick day. Sometimes you just need some time to catch up with your forever growing ‘to-do’ list. Many generations of students were brought up with the old chalk and talk or textbook-based lesson. They survived. You don’t have to have a whizz-bang lesson every lesson.

    4. Start your lesson planning with a learning intention and success criteria

    Starting your lesson planning time with a learning intention will give you direction and purpose in your planning. It will help you to identify what types of activities are going to be useful and which aren’t. You might come across what looks like an incredible activity, but if it doesn’t help your students reach their learning intention then it is completely useless and is just ‘busy work’. Having a clear learning intention helps you to identify these sorts of issues quickly and design or implement the right sorts of activities for your specific lesson.

    There is also ample research to support the fact that having a clear learning intention and success criteria for each lesson improves student learning when presented to the students.

    5. Know when to stop when lesson planning

    As a first-year teacher, it can be hard to know when to stop when lesson planning. When is good enough, good enough? There are always more resources to look at, more activities you could design, more colours or cute fonts you could add.

    So when do you stop?

    Answer: When you have planned a lesson in which students will be able to meet the learning intention. 

    If you have planned a lesson in which students have multiple opportunities to work their way through the success criteria and meet the set learning intention then it’s time to stop. 

    Could you make it better? Probably. 

    But you also need to plan all your other lessons and there will be plenty of opportunities for you to make improvements down the track.

    6. Batch your lesson prep 

    This is one of my favourite top tips for beginning teachers. Not enough teachers talk about how much time this actually saves!

    But let’s take a step back… what do I mean by batching your lesson planning?

    Instead of planning all of ‘Monday’s’ lessons, you would plan all your related teaching content together. 

    For example, as a science teacher, I sit and plan all of my year 8 lessons. Then I move on to year 9, then year 10.

    As a primary teacher you might plan all your math lessons, then all your history, then spelling. 

    This will save you time as you aren’t trying to switch your headspace between various topics. It will also help your lessons flow more fluently.

    Yes this means you need to be more than a day ahead with your planning, and let’s be real – that isn’t always going to be the case. But if you can then this is definitely the way to go!

    7. Don’t spend your money on decorating your classroom – spend it on resources

    Having a pretty classroom is not what is going to make your students feel welcome. YOU ARE! 

    Teachers can very easily spend hundreds of dollars on things to make their classrooms look pretty. But as a beginning teacher, it would be a much better use of your money to spend it on resources. 

    Purchase worksheets with full answers, activities, experiment outlines etc to help you to feel confident in the classroom and to save you time. 

    Most of them would cost you less than a Starbucks!

    I also recommend you purchase fun things you don’t have time to make yourself such as digital escape rooms

    8. Choose only 1 lesson a week to try something new / out of your comfort zone

    Why just one? Everything you are doing in your first year is going to be new and potentially outside your comfort zone. 

    Picking just 1 lesson to try new things is achievable without making you feel overwhelmed, and it allows you to reflect on what you tried meaningfully afterwards.

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      9. Don’t set homework.

      There is mixed research out there on whether setting homework for students actually improves their learning. So much depends on context. If the research can be so variable then I would be hesitant to waste my time setting and marking it unless there was concrete evidence that it actually contributed to my students’ success.

      So why set it when it just means you have to mark it? Not to mention that you also need to waste time chasing up the students who didn’t complete it. 

      From my perspective, the benefits of not setting homework definitely outweigh the benefits of setting it for both teachers and students. Particularly in your beginning years when time is golden. 

      10. Ask for help… as soon as you need it

      Don’t waste time trying to figure everything out on your own when you can just ask someone next to you. 

      As a beginning teacher, time is your most valuable commodity. While you are learning the ropes everything you do is going to take time. Don’t waste time by holding off asking questions that you need to ask. 

      Also, please don’t stress that you’re being annoying! We’ve all been in your situation and we are happy to help. 

      If you feel you have reached your question asking quota, then try and spread your questions around to different people who could help you.

      Top tips for beginning teachers:

      building relationships 

      11. Find your Teacher BFF

      Teaching is a tough gig and so if you can find a like-minded teacher whom you can share resources with, laugh with and blow off some steam with, then they are worth their weight in gold.

      12. Find a mentor

      I love the quote by Brian Aspinall who says ‘sometimes the greatest PD is the teacher down the hall’. This one I have experienced to be true. 

      If you find an excellent mentor or teacher who challenges your thinking about education and you’re able to have great discussions about teaching and education – hold onto them! Go to any conference they do. Observe their lessons if you can. They are going to help you through the first years and help you grow as a teacher.

      13. Build relationships with students

      This might seem obvious but the more I teach, the more I realise this may not be the case. 

      Make an effort early on to get to know your students – the extra stuff like sport, hobbies, are they creative, do they play an instrument etc.

      Students want to know you are a person. Not a perfect teacher. A person who can care for them.

      As a result, the stronger your relationship is with your students, the easier classroom management will become, and the more enjoyable your day will be.

      14. Build relationships with teachers

      Hopefully, you’ve figured out the importance of this from the previous few top tips for beginning teachers. But also, these are the people who you’re going to spend every day around. It is worth investing in relationships with them.

      15. Build relationships with support staff

      Support staff can be the most underrated people in a school. These people help the school run and most of their roles include making your job easier! 

      These include administration staff, tech support, teachers aides, librarians, lab assistants, maintenance staff, just to name a few. If you can build positive relationships with them then when you need to ask for something it will feel less daunting or less of a bother. 

      If you build really positive relationships with them you might even find yourself with some perks. Maybe first dibs at school resources or first in line for technical support.

      16. Build relationships with parents 

      Sometimes it is easy to forget that parents are part of the school community as well. 

      It can be worth spending time building relationships with parents early on so that your first connections with them are coming from a positive place, and not just to report bad student behaviour. 

      This could be as simple as sending a meet the teacher sheet home to them at the beginning of the year to introduce yourself.

      17. Be a good colleague 

      It is important as you start a new job that you be a good colleague. This links back to building positive relationships with your colleagues, but it also includes contributing staff room discussions, sharing your own resources, using others resources and providing feedback, and joining them for lunch and coffee breaks where you can. 

      18. Join professional networks (including Facebook groups)

      These are a great way to continue your own learning and make connections with other teachers outside of your workplace. 

      19. Be patient – with students, parents, other teachers – and yourself

      You will be dealing with so many people on a daily basis. Take a breath and try to be patient. Remember that you don’t necessarily know what is going on in the background for your students and colleagues.

      Also, try and cut yourself a break. Be patient with yourself as you are learning a lot of new things all at once.

      Top tips for beginning teachers:

      classroom and behaviour management

      20. Always greet your class at the door with a smile

      Regardless of whether you feel happy to see them, or not, this is important.

      According to a recent study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, researchers found smiling — even a fake smile — triggers a chemical reaction in your brain which can have a positive impact on mood

      This is even more important at the end of the day! 

      Smiling also helps your students to know they are welcome in your classroom and works to build those positive relationships.

      21. Don’t pretend to know everything 

      If your students ask you a question that you don’t know the answer to, don’t pretend that you know the answer or try to fake your way through an explanation. This will ruin your credibility with your students more than admitting you don’t know the answer. 

      Instead, model what to do when you don’t know the answer. This is an important skill to learn as a student and it’s an excellent opportunity for you to teach them.

      22. If you make a mistake then own it

      Similarly to the above, it’s important for you to model what to do when you make a mistake. Rather than trying to hide it or say something silly like ‘oh I was just testing you’, make it a valuable learning experience. Model being gracious to the student who may have pointed it out and show them how to go about correcting your mistake.

      23. Ask for feedback from students and peers

      Asking for feedback can be daunting, but it can also be a great opportunity for your own growth and it’s likely that you might be pleasantly surprised by what your students think of your teaching. 

      Try to ask for feedback in a way in which students can give constructive feedback (e.g. provide a google form with multiple choice answers). 

      Feedback from other teachers can also be really helpful. For example, ask for another teacher to look over a resource or assessment you have designed and ask their thoughts. 

       

      The Teacher Turnover Problem Infographic

       

      24. Have student multiple student groups mapped out before class

      While it can be hard to sort students into groups when you don’t know them, it is good to start out with a few options that you can determine based on their previous grades and performance. The two options I start with are:

      • Groups based on ability (grouping my high achievers together and those who need more assistance together)
      • Mixed ability groups 

      You will quickly work out if these need tweaking due to behavioural issues, however, it at least gives you a starting point and doesn’t waste time at the start of the lesson trying to work out who should go with whom. 

      25. Be consistent with behaviour management

      It is important to follow your school’s protocol for behaviour management, but even more important, is being consistent with your management in your own classroom. While many schools have systems in place for when a student needs to be sent out of a classroom, there are many things you can do within your classroom to manage behaviour before it gets to that point. 

      This is a much bigger topic than one bullet point on a list, but here are a few tips to get you started:

      1. Tell students the plan up front. What do you expect of them? What can they expect of you? What will happen if you feel they are disrupting the learning in your classroom? 
      2. At what point will they need to be sent to admin / head teacher / etc? Is it after 1 warning? 2 warnings? 2 warnings and a seat change?
      3. Hold to what you have set out. 

      26. Give students a clean slate

      It can be easy to listen to the staffroom talk about how terrible certain students are and how you’re going to have to be really strict with them and so on. Try not to bring this into the class with you.

      What those students probably need from you, more than anything else at the beginning of the year, is a clean slate. Let your class know that they can start fresh this year. That you don’t know them and they don’t know you and so they have the opportunity to be the best version of themselves as you haven’t already had your mind made up about them.

      This leads to trust building between you and your students, and contributes positively to your relationship building with them too.

      27. Laugh! Have a sense of humour – kids are funny and do funny things. 

      Sometimes it’s important for you to join in with the fun and have a laugh. Obviously not if it’s inappropriate (like if an inappropriate joke was made or laughing at a student). But kids are funny and they will love to see you interacting with them. 

       

      For a list of my favourite items to make my classroom management easier and to foster engagement, check out this list of ultimate teacher must haves!

       

      Top tips for beginning teachers:

      Looking after your mental health

      28. Find a hobby!

      I cannot recommend this enough. 

      As a teacher, it is so easy to let your working life be your only life. You work at work. Bring marking home. Are up late lesson planning. Sleep. Repeat.

      Having a hobby allows you to have a much needed mental break from working and if you enjoy it enough you will make time for it. 

      For me this is woodworking. I love working with my hands and creating new things. I always feel refreshed after getting some time in the garage! This is a photo of a coffee table I made for friends as their wedding present. 

      29. Always pack a really good lunch

      This seems trivial but hear me out. 

      Teaching is exhausting. You need to keep yourself sustained through the day or if you are like me you will end up ‘hangry’ = angry because you are hungry. This will lead to you having less patience with your class which at the end of the day could be difficult for everyone. 

      If you make yourself a delicious nutritious lunch you will be more likely to make time to eat it – yes you may be on playground duty at the same time, but at least you have something delicious to eat while you are! 

      As much as I hate to admit it, coffee and lollies can only get you so far.

      30. Wear really good comfy shoes

      Don’t underestimate how long you will be on your feet each day. 

      Short term if you are wearing uncomfortable shoes then it will be annoying and probably make you less patient as you try to ignore it. Long term you could end up with serious foot or back problems if your feet aren’t being held in the right position. 

      31. Reflect on your reasons for becoming a teacher in the first place

      When you start to question whether you want to change professions (trust me, the time will come), spend some time reflecting on the reasons why you wanted to become a teacher in the first place. 

      32. Sleep

      Try to be consistent with your bedtime and don’t get carried away working late at night. Sleep is so important for your health, both physical and mental. 

      33. Exercise and eat well

      This is so important for your mental health and longevity as a teacher.

      Eating well will help you maintain your energy throughout the work day. 

      Exercise produces endorphins which help your mood. This could also have the same impact as having a hobby as it will distract you from thinking about teaching and allow your brain a break from it.  

      Conclusion

      Being a beginning teacher can be overwhelming. There is so much learning and so many things going on at once. These top tips for beginning teachers are designed to help give you some guidance and clarity on how to maintain balance. Time manageament, building relationships, classroom management, and mental health are all important factors in your ongoing career as a teacher. 

      You might also like my blog post on 13 things I wish I knew before my first year of teaching.

       

      Did this help?

      I wish I knew all of these top tips for beginning teachers when I started my teaching career. But I am thankful that I can share them with you now and I do hope they help you survive your beginning years. 

      Have you tried any of these top tips for beginning teachers? Let me know in the comments below if they helped! And drop your own top tips in the comments too! We would love to learn from you!

       

      Written by Katrina

      Katrina Harte is a multi-award winning educator from Sydney, Australia who specialises in creating resources that support teachers and engage students.

      Comments

      Modelling Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle: 6 Best Activities

      Modelling Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle: 6 Best Activities

      Modelling Equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s Principle: 6 Best Activities

      Are you looking for fun ways to engage students while modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle in Chemistry? These concepts can be difficult as students struggle to grasp what is happening at a molecular level. In this blog post I am going to give you my favourite ways to model and demonstrate visual examples of equilibrium reactions and Le Chatelier’s principle that will keep your students engaged and help them deepen their understanding.

      So grab a coffee and sit back and relax while I help you prepare some awesome lessons!

      modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

      Disclaimer: This blog post contains affiliate links. This means I may receive a small commission on qualifying purchases. This is of no extra cost to you and it helps me to continue writing awesome content for you! Read full disclaimer here

      Equilibrium reactions

      Equilibrium reactions can form when reversible reactions are performed in a closed system. A system has reached dynamic equilibrium when the rate of the forward and reverse reactions are the same. At this point we will observe no signs of a chemical reaction including no colour change, odour or new substances formed. 

      Le Chatelier’s principle states that when an equilibrium system is disturbed, the system will work in order to restore equilibrium by shifting to minimise the applied stress. A system can be disturbed by changing the temperature, pressure or concentration. 

      Modelling equilibrium & Le Chatelier’s principle 

      (suitable for homeschooling, distance education and online learning)

      If you’re trying to teach chemistry online or by distance then these activities are perfect as they are hands-on and only require normal household materials. I used these activities during covid lockdown and online learning so I know they work!

      The following 3 models demonstrate a change in concentration on an equilibrium system.

      1. Modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle using food dye and water

      Using food dye and water is a great way for students to visualise the formation of a dynamic equilibrium. Start with two large containers (or beakers) and label one as reactants and the other as products. In the lab using beakers is great as it is easy to measure the amount of reactants and products being transferred each ‘round’. At home you could use small measuring cups or measuring jugs. 

      If you prefer to watch a video then the following video will demonstrate the model I am about to explain. 

      Method overview 

      Fill each of the containers with the same amount of water and colour each with different colours of food dye. Only add a couple of drops of food dye as you want to be able to observe the colour changes which is easier when they aren’t too dark. Also make sure you use colours that are easy to see a colour change. I like red and blue to make purple, but blue and yellow to make green would also work well.

      Then choose two smaller containers of different sizes. Choose one that will represent the rate of the forward reaction, and the other will represent the rate of the reverse reaction.  

      Each round you are going to fill the ‘forward’ container with the reactants and then tip it into the products container. Then fill the ‘reverse’ container with the products and tip it into the reactants container. Repeat the rounds until you feel you have observed equilibrium – that is, when the rate of the forward and reverse reaction are equal. You can check this by measuring the liquid or just by sight. This is also a good opportunity to discuss observations about the colour of the system and limitations of the model.

      Other alternatives to try:

      • Starting with different amounts of reactants and products:
        • More reactants than products
        • More products than reactants
        • All reactants and no products (just a drop of food colouring)
      • Changing the size of containers for the reactants and products:
        • Same size
        • Reactants larger
        • Products larger 
      • Disturb the equilibrium by adding more reactant in and repeating.

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        2. Modelling formation of equilibrium using chocolate

        If you’re looking for peak engagement in the classroom then look no further than the chocolate aisle! This activity will help students understand equilibrium reactions and also help them to demonstrate an equilibrium reaction on a graph. 

        NOTE: Be careful with food allergies and ensure you follow your school’s protocols for food in the classroom. If you are unable to use chocolate or lollies for this activity, counters or paper is a good alternative.

        hand drawn graph of equilibrium from modelling activity

        Get a student friendly printable version here 

        Method overview

        For this activity fold an A4 piece of paper in half and write reactants on one side and products on the other. 

        Count out 60 m&ms and place them all on the reactants side of the paper. Decide on a rate for the forward and reverse reactions. For example, the rate of the forward reaction as 0.25 and the reverse reaction as 0.5. For each round transfer the amount of m&ms from one side to the other. So, round #1 you would transfer a quarter of the reactant m&ms to the product side. Since there are currently no products, none would be transferred back to the reactants.

        Round #2 you would again transfer a quarter of the reactant m&ms and a half of the product m&ms back again. Repeat rounds until you reach equilibrium (where the number of m&ms being transferred each time is equal).

        Have students graph their results by using a different coloured pen for the reactants and products. Help them to identify on their graph where equilibrium was established. 

        Other alternatives to try:

        • Starting with different amounts of reactants and products:
          • Same amounts of reactants and products
          • More reactants than products
          • More products than reactants
        • Changing the ‘rate’ of the forward and reverse reactions:
          • Same rate (same ratio of m&ms transferred each time e.g. 0.5 for both)
          • Reactants faster rate

        3. Modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle using chocolate

        This is my favourite one! I have found that students struggle most when trying to interpret graphs that show multiple disturbances to equilibrium. This activity is a great introduction to these as it helps them to create their own graph that depicts a disturbance that they initiated. 

        Get a student friendly printable version here 

        Method overview

        Start using the exact same activity as above until equilibrium has been established and remained constant for three rounds. Then count out another 20 m&ms. Add these to the reactants side of the page. 

        Note: When recording the number of reactants and products for each round ensure the addition of the extra m&ms is added to the last round so that on the graph a vertical line would be drawn. 

        Students continue with the same rate of reaction as before and continue until a new equilibrium is reached. 

        Other alternatives to try:

        • Adding different numbers of m&ms for the disturbance
        • Adding m&ms to the product side
        • Removing m&ms from the reactant side
        • Removing m&ms from the product side
        Resource: Equilibrium Le Chateliers Principle Bundle
        Resource: Module 5 Equilibrium Australian Curriculum

        Modelling equilibrium & Le Chatelier’s principle experiments

        (suitable for in a laboratory)

        Chemistry is a difficult subject to teach as it involves understanding what happens at a molecular level. This is often difficult as we are asking students to understand what they cannot see. 

        These experiments assist students in developing their understanding by allowing them to observe disturbances in equilibrium and the formation of a new equilibrium. 

        If you are teaching online or don’t have access to a laboratory then check out my video here! In this video I demonstrate each of the following reactions so students can observe them.

        Disclaimer: You are responsible for following your own school’s laboratory safety rules and guidelines including which chemicals your students are able to use in the classroom. You may decide to use these as demonstrations. The Animated Teacher is not responsible for any outcome or injury acquired from doing these experiments. 

        4. Shifting equilibrium by changing temperature: Nitrogen dioxide to dinitrogen tetroxide

        Nitrogen dioxide gas forms an equilibrium in a closed system with dinitrogen tetroxide. The nitrogen dioxide molecules react to form dinitrogen tetroxide at the same rate that the dinitrogen tetroxide decomposes into nitrogen dioxide. 

        Nitrogen dioxide is a brown gas while the dinitrogen tetroxide is a colourless gas. When equilibrium is established the system will be a light brown colour due to the combination of both molecules being present. The differing colours in the gases make them excellent for modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle as we can see the colour change throughout the process. 

        To make the nitrogen dioxide gas, add concentrated nitric acid to pieces of copper metal in a conical flask. Collect the gas in 3 sealable tubes of the same size. NOTE: make sure this is done in a fume cupboard as nitrogen dioxide gas is highly toxic when inhaled.

        In this demonstration we can stress the system by changing the temperature of the vessel and therefore observe a shift in equilibrium. We can do this by adding one of the tubes to a hot water bath, one to a cold water bath, and keeping one at room temperature for comparison.

        Since this reaction is exothermic, if we add heat to the system we would expect the equilibrium to shift to the left, away from the heat and towards the nitrogen dioxide. Therefore, we expect the colour of the system to darken with more of the brown gas (NO2) being produced. If we remove heat from the system we expect the equilibrium to shift to the right and produce more dinitrogen tetroxide. Therefore we expect a lightening of the brown gas as more of the colourless gas is produced. 

        picture of 3 tubes comparing nitrogen dioxide equilibrium

        Another alternative is using the reaction between cobalt chloride with hydrochloric acid. This reaction also allows for a clear example of modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle due to the varying colours of the reactants and products.

        Similarly to above, by putting the system in a hot water bath and a cold water bath, a colour change will be observed showing the shifting of equilibrium.

        5. Shifting equilibrium by changing pressure: Nitrogen dioxide to dinitrogen tetroxide

        Using the same method as above create nitrogen dioxide and collect in a syringe. Seal the end really well with blutac. NOTE: This experiment should also be performed in a fume cupboard.

        2NO2(g) ⇋ N2O4(g)

        syringe filled with nitrogen dioxide gas equilibrium

        Once the system has reached equilibrium increase the pressure on the system by compressing the syringe. Leave for a few minutes to allow for the system to reach equilibrium again. 

        With an increase in pressure, the system will shift to the side with less moles of gas. In this instance, to the right. Since it shifts to create more dinitrogen tetroxide, the colour should decrease. 

        Then decrease the pressure on the system by increasing the volume of the syringe. Again leave for a few minutes for the system to reach equilibrium again. 

        With a decrease in pressure, the system will shift to the side with more moles of gas in order to counteract the stress. Therefore, in this system, it will shift to the left to create more nitrogen dioxide. Hence, you should expect to see an increase in the brown colour as nitrogen dioxide is a brown gas.

        6. Shifting equilibrium by changing concentration: Traffic Light Equilibrium Experiment

        This is my all time favourite experiment for modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle! 

        Method overview

        Dissolve 5g of glucose in a little bit of hot water. Then add 10mL of sodium hydroxide to the glucose solution. 

        Next, in a clean flask, dissolve a few granules of indigo carmine indicator in hot water. The solution should be a deep blue. Note: add the indicator gradually – if you add too much it will be too dark to see the colour changes clearly. 

        Now add the glucose solution to the indigo carmine flask. Seal and leave for a few minutes to establish equilibrium.

         

        Now it’s time to disturb it! Shake the flask! This causes more oxygen to dissolve into the solution and oxidise the indigo carmine. The more it is shaken the more oxidised the indicator becomes. If you then leave it to settle you will see the colours change back as equilibrium is established again. 

        Conclusion

        Modelling equilibrium and Le Chatelier’s principle is so worthwhile in helping students really understand the concepts. Using fun activities that involve chocolate is always a win! 

        Have you tried any of these? Let me know how it went in the comments below!

         

        Visit my store to access my resources related to Le Chatelier’s principle here

        Written by Katrina

        Katrina Harte is a multi-award winning educator from Sydney, Australia who specialises in creating resources that support teachers and engage students.

        Comments

        How to differentiate professional development for teachers

        How to differentiate professional development for teachers

        How to differentiate professional development for teachers

        In our world of differentiating learning opportunities for students, it can often seem like an afterthought to differentiate professional development for teachers. For all the good intentions and hours of preparation that educational leaders dedicate to preparing and delivering professional development for their colleagues, the value is diminished due to the lack of differentiation.  As an experienced high school Chemistry teacher, I have very little in common with a beginning Kindergarten teacher, and yet, I’ve often found myself listening to the same presentation.

        What if there is a better way? A way to provide professional development that is engaging and accessible to all teachers while also modelling best practice? There is!

         

        So, grab a coffee and sit back and relax while I give you 11 ways to differentiate professional development opportunities for teachers that they will appreciate.

        how to differentiate professional development for teachers

        Disclaimer: This blog post may contain affiliate links. This means I may receive a small commission on qualifying purchases. This is of no extra cost to you and it helps me to continue writing awesome content for you! Read full disclaimer here

        Need a recap on differentiation?

        According to Carol Ann Tomlinson (2010), differentiation involves the proactive planning of learning opportunities to ensure the learning is accessible to all. In an educational professional development setting it often feels as though there isn’t a lot of actual learning happening. Why? Because not enough proactive planning has gone into finding out where teachers are at and how they would engage best. 

        So, what does this mean for professional development opportunities?

        Differentiation can be done in four main ways: differentiating the content, product, process or environment. 

        • Content refers to meeting teachers where they are at and allowing differing entry levels. 
        • Product refers to the end result you want from your staff. 
        • Process refers to how teachers learn or engage with the content. 
        • Environment is where the learning is taking place.

        See my blog post ‘53 EASY differentiation strategies for the classroom’ for a more extensive explanation.

         

        Here is a list of 11 easy ways to differentiate professional development for teachers that looks at different options for the above categories of differentiation. 

        11 ways to differentiate professional development for teachers

        How to differentiate professional development for teachers

        1. Survey staff in the planning stage

        If you want teachers to ‘buy in’ to the professional development then they also need to feel heard. Survey your staff to find out what topics or areas they are seeking development or support in. Use this to inform the types of opportunities you offer during professional development. But also be warned – don’t bother surveying the staff if their answers are going to be disregarded.

        Here are some ideas for what you could ask your teachers for input:

        • What area do they want to develop in? e.g. pedagogy, organisation, assessment task writing, data collection/analysis, new technology, subject area knowledge?
        • How would they rate themselves in terms of their own expertise in that particular area? Where would they like to progress to?
        • What types and formats of professional development do they enjoy most?

         

        2. Use the expertise of staff in your school

        There is a whole wealth of expertise and knowledge found in your school already. Utilise this! Here are a few ways to make the most of the staff expertise within your school:

        • Have internal staff run workshops in their area of strength. The benefits of this are twofold: first, colleagues will be able to learn from a peer and get more of an insight into what other teachers are doing in their own classes. Second, the teacher preparing the workshop will have a chance to reflect on their own practice and will benefit from increasing their skill level to present professional development.
        • Ask teachers to share ideas from their own classrooms
        • Provide opportunity for staff to show new resources they created for their classes
        • Encourage staff to share methods they use for their own organisation, data collection, report writing, assessment preparation etc.
        • Have heads of faculty run professional development for their own faculty
        • Invite teachers who have recently attended conferences or external professional development to share their learnings.

         

        3. Offer stations and choice

        Stations offer choice in both the order of the session and which sessions to complete. Some fun ways to do this could be:

        • provide a menu of options: staff pick one option from each category such as starters, entree, main and dessert. If you’d like some FREE editable templates enter your email here and I will send them to you!
        • play bingo: set up a bingo board with the different PD options and throughout the day staff complete 4 in a row / column / diagonally.
        professional development menu example 1
        professional development menu example 2
        professional development menu example 3

        4. Offer choice in who they work with

        Give teachers the option to choose who they work with throughout the session. This could be individually, with a partner, within faculty groups or across subject areas. It is important that teachers have the opportunity to work in a way that suits them and the opportunity to collaborate with people who they connect with.

        5. Provide levels of professional development

        Part of differentiation is ensuring the needs of the learner are met and that the learning takes into account their current level of expertise. For example, if a session was to be run on differentiation, allow for different entry levels:

        • Novice / beginning teacher – provide an introduction and basic concepts
        • Competent – choose a resource to work on to turn into a differentiated lesson
        • Proficient – choose a program to work on incorporating multiple strategies to work on
        • Expert – give your most experienced and confident teachers the opportunity to share their expertise.

        6. Offer choice in location

        The environment in which the learning takes place can also be differentiated. This can be as simple as allowing teachers to choose their own seating arrangement, or setting up the different learning options in various locations. Have you ever considered running some PD in a cafe or outside rather than inside?

        differentiating professional development for teachers at a cafe

        7. Use lesson observations

        Lesson observations – where teachers go and observe a colleagues lesson – is an excellent opportunity for professional development. Allow them choice as to which teachers / subject / year level they want to observe! 

        8. Differentiate the product

        Often we want to see some kind of product or reflection following professional development. Allow teachers to create or reflect in a way that makes sense to them. A teacher could reflect using voice recording, a mind map, a short video, a picture, flowchart, or collage of images. Don’t insist on every teacher filling out the exact same Google form.

         9. Use a jigsaw model

        The jigsaw model requires two different groupings. First, teachers split into small groups where they learn about a particular strategy / resource / topic and become the ‘experts’ in that area. Then they form a second group which has one ‘expert’ from different original groups. Each teacher takes turns in sharing / teaching the group about their expert strategy. This includes differentiation as teachers can choose the area they would like to become the expert in and also choose how they present this information back to their group. You can read more about this strategy here

         

        Want a FREE menu template for professional development?

        Enter your email address and I will send you 3 templates you can use as a menu to differentiate your professional development sessions in a fun way!

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          10. Offer multi-modal options

          With so many resources and technologies available at our fingertips it always surprises me that these options aren’t often utilised during professional development. Sure the odd funny video is shown at the start to ‘engage’ the audience, but that’s about it. Why not give teachers the choice as to how to receive the information? Provide a range of options such as videos, podcasts, webinars, journal articles, books. You don’t need to create all of them – just find them!

          11. Utilise subject / grade specific professional development opportunities

          I’m going to say it… There is very little value in whole staff professional development. Why? Because we all teach in a niche area. Whether it be the subject area or the grade level. While there are some opportunities for whole staff professional development, most would be more effective if it was focussed on a teachers’ specific grade or subject. For example, Science teachers and PDHPE teachers may benefit from sessions on ‘how to maintain control amidst the chaos’ (seriously!) while English and Mathematics teachers may benefit more from a session on ‘how to deal with overzealous parents’.

          In addition to this, it is also important to provide teachers with professional development that extends their knowledge in their subject specific area. It is important that teachers remain experts in their subject. Unfortunately, the demands of the profession mean that teachers are left with no time to spend staying up to date with current information unless educational leaders make it a priority to include it in professional development days. 

           

          Conclusion

          Differentiation is just as important for teachers as it is for students if we want to give them the best opportunities to develop professionally and enjoy it! Differentiating professional development for teachers is essential if you want your staff to feel valued and to develop in their teaching practice.

           

          Which of these methods are you implementing in your upcoming professional development?

          Do you have any other strategies? Comment below!

          Written by Katrina

          Katrina Harte is a multi-award winning educator from Sydney, Australia who specialises in creating resources that support teachers and engage students.

          Comments

          9 awesome teacher must haves for the classroom 2022

          9 awesome teacher must haves for the classroom 2022

          9 awesome teacher must haves for the classroom 2022

          This list of teacher must haves for the classroom will help bring the fun back into teaching!

          This is not your usual list of boring things we all know you need. This list is not full of things like ‘sharpened pencils’, ‘desk organiser’, or ‘paper clips’. This is the list you want to make your classroom more fun, more engaging and more manageable! This is the list that will get you excited about the opportunities you could create in your classroom. 

          Have I got your attention? Good! 

          Grab a coffee and start adding these to your Amazon wish list!

          teacher must haves for the classroom

          Disclaimer: This blog post contains affiliate links. This means I may receive a small commission on qualifying purchases. This is of no extra cost to you and it helps me to continue writing awesome content for you!   Read full disclaimer here

          9 Teacher must haves for the classroom

          1. Classroom timer

          I know a lot of teachers like to use the timer on their device but I often have about 10 things running on mine at once so anything I can easily move to another device or gadget I grab immediately! 

          Personally I use a super simple timer like this one, but while I was having a look around I saw this traffic light timer which has to be the holy grail of timers! If it was within my budget I would absolutely grab this. This would be perfect for students who need a visual cue or need time to wind down an activity. All three colours can be programmed to have the amount of time that suits you. As a science teacher this would be amazing for helping my students with time management for experiments and packing up time. I’m definitely adding it to my wish list and it deserves the number 1 spot on my ‘9 teacher must haves for the classroom’ list!

          2. Wireless Doorbell

          My classroom can get very loud. VERY loud. Particularly in a science lab when there are kids doing hands-on activities. This doorbell has saved my poor throat from having to yell over the chaos! When I need to get my students attention or it is time to pack up I just ring the doorbell. It is life changing! If you move from room to room then just take it with you – it doesn’t have to be secured in one spot in the room. 

           

          3. Answer buzzers

          These answer buzzers are so fun to have in the classroom for quick quizzes, games and revision. I bought two sets so I can have 8 groups in my class playing at once. Use them however you want! Students can’t help themselves – they just want to press the button!

           

          4. Mini whiteboards

          These are so worth investing in. The range of activities you can utilise using mini whiteboards is endless and the students absolutely love them. 

           

          I use mini whiteboards for student practice, quick informal assessment, working out, group activities and mind maps. When I asked my students why they like them so much they said they love that you can rub it out so they were more willing to take a chance as the ‘mistakes’ don’t seem so permanent. 

           

          This pack comes with mini dry erasers and white board markers to go with them! 

           

           

          5. Morning Meeting Chips

          If you have a morning meeting or home-group / roll call group then these Morning Meeting Chips are a must have. I always dreaded having to think of something to fill such a short amount of time every day. I didn’t want the time to go to waste but it was also difficult to think of something quick but still meaningful. These will save you so much prep time. Just grab one each day and have a student read it out. Let them Think, Pair, Share. Done!

           

          6. Jenga blocks

          Jenga is such a fun game! But have you ever thought of the ways it can be used in the classroom? Whether it be the iconic jenga or these coloured blocks (my personal fave), using them in the classroom can take a normal quiz or activity to a more engaging level.  

          For example, instead of having students answer revision question cards, turn it into a game where students only get a turn to move a jenga piece if they get the answer correct. Person with the most blocks by the time the jenga falls, wins! 

           

          7. Whiteboard markers – ALL the colours of the rainbow!

          There were so many times in my first year teaching that I went to draw up a diagram on the board and realised I definitely didn’t have enough colours or the right colours to do it justice. This pack of whiteboard markers has 15 colours and they are magnetic! 

          My preference is also to have markers that are more fine tipped as I often invite students to come and write up on the board. They seem to find it easier to write with the finer tipped pens than the thicker ones.

          8. Double sided tape

          If your school is anything like mine then you will have restrictions on how many holes you can drill into the walls for your displays. This double sided removable and reusable tape is perfect for helping you create the classroom you’ve always dreamed of without ruining the walls. 

           

          9. Fluorescent light coverings

          It is pretty standard that school classroom lights are fluorescent even though this type of lighting can cause headaches and strain the eyes. These fluorescent light coverings are excellent for limiting the harshness of the light while also adding a pop of colour to your ceiling. 

          Conclusion

          We all know there are things teachers cannot live without in their classrooms. So I wanted to put together this list of the less conventional teacher must haves, but the ones that I have found to make the biggest difference in my classroom. 

          Share the love!

           Share this list of teacher must haves for the classroom with your teacher bestie!

          Do you have any teacher must haves for the classroom?

          Have you tried any from this list?

          Please comment below!

          Written by Katrina

          Katrina Harte is a multi-award winning educator from Sydney, Australia who specialises in creating resources that support teachers and engage students.

          Comments